With such a wide range of components and gadget on the market for car audio systems, the big question is "Where do I start?"
First you must decide what exactly you wish to do. If you are wanting to build a car audio system for a daily driver (the car you drive back and forth to work) with good sounds, but you are not interested in competing, a system can easily be put together for under $1000. However, if you are looking for the all-out bass monster, be prepared to drop in some big bucks into your system.
One of the most important things to keep in mind when building a car audio system is planning. Get an idea of where you are going to place components, subwoofers, amplifiers, and power distribution. A lot of headache can be avoided with the proper planning!!
For the basic system, lets look at some of the components needed.
Let's first start with the head unit (CD player). Obviously you are going to want a nice head unit. If you start with a good quality cd player, and choose to upgrade your sound system in the future, purchase a head unit that will grow with you. Some of the features you may want to keep in mind are:
1. CD changer controls
2. XM / Sirius controls (if you decide to add Satellite radio in the future)
3. Dual RCA outputs (carries signal to the amplifiers)
4. Pause button (important for competing)
5. Detachable face, or other security devices
6. High voltage line driver - this will send the sound signal at a higher voltage to your amplifier/s reducing noise and improving overall sound quality.
After you have chosen your head unit, you will want to make a decision on amplifiers and subwoofers. Keep in mind that you get what you pay for. A $30 subwoofer will be as big as a $300 subwoofer, but the capacities of each will differ greatly. Look at the power handling of each subwoofer and decide accordingly. You will want subwoofers will work with your amplifier/s (see compatibility).
You must also keep in mind the available space in your vehicle. Are you willing to give up your entire cargo area? How many subwoofers will fit? Decide on the size. Sizes will vary from 8" up to 18", some are square (Kicker), but most are round. Also keep in mind the resistance (ohms) of the subwoofer and make sure they are compatible with your amplifier/s (see compatibility). The subwoofer decision will also have an effect on the enclosure you decide to build or buy. For the basic system, I would recommend purchasing a pre-fabricated subwoofer enclosure. This will save you a bit of money and headache (especially if you end up building it two or three times!!). Make sure you take accurate measurement of your cargo area before building or buying an enclosure!!
Other components may be needed depending on the type of system you are building and how elaborate you want your sound to be. For the competition vehicle, figure on upgrading your alternator, adding a battery to your system (maybe more), running high quality RCA cables, power cables, ground cables, and speaker cable. You may need to add a capacitor to provide your amplifier with a reservoir of power for bigger hits from the subs. You may need an electronic crossover, an equalizer, replacement factory speakers, an amplifier for your mid-range and tweeters, additional speakers within your vehicle for staging, etc.
Will Reece
I have been involved in the car audio arena for several years, and have competed locally in the Kansas City are with USACi. You may find me online at http://www.maximumspl.com. For additional information, visit us online at http://www.maximumspl.com.
Showing posts with label Car. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Car. Show all posts
Saturday, June 16, 2007
20 Tips to Cheaper Car Insurance
by: Kev Higgnis
Car insurance premiums rise year after year,Although your car insurance premium largely depends on your Car, Age and discount there are a few steps you can take to help stop the rise or even reduce your premium.
1. Buy from the internet.Most companies offer a discount for online applications as this is automated process and costs them a lot less to process your application, you can usually see discounts of 5%-10%.Click here to get a instant online insurance quote
2. Shop around.All insurance companies use different formulas to calculate your insurance premium by adding or detracting money after each question the ask you.By shopping around you could find big savings on your insurance premium.
3. Buy extra products.Most insurance companies also do other insurance products ie"Building's and content's insurance".Most insurance companies will give extra discounts for purchasing more than one product,by doing this you could save a fair amount on all your insurance premiums.
4. Pay your insurance premium in one go.By paying your insurance premium in full you can avoid paying costly interest charges that would be added if you paid your insurance premium by instalments.Some insurance companies may charge as much as 15% APR on instalments.You may even receive a discount for paying in full.If you can not afford to pay in full check out what rate a small loan would be you may still save some money.Fill out a online loan application.
5. Increase your voluntary excess.Your excess is the amount paid by you in the event of a claim,by increasing this your insurance company should reduce your premium.
6. Lower your annual mileage.Lowering your annual mileage can reduce your premium,most insurance companies will quote you for around 12,000 miles a year.Try and work out how many mile's you will do if it's likely to be less you may get a discount.Be honest about this as your insurance company may ask to see old MOT'S and service history to verify your mileage in the event of a accident.
7. Have a Alarm,Immobiliser or Tracker fitted.Theft of and from your vehicle play a major role in the calculation of your insurance premium.Having a alarm or immobiliser fitted will give you a small discount to your premium and having a tracker fitted could make you quite a saving.
8. Take the advanced driving test.Passing your advanced driving test will show your insurance company that you have extra skill when driving and are less likely to be involved in a accident.
9. Don't inflate the value of your car.Adding extra value to your car when you apply for your insurance quote will do nothing for you apart from increase you premium.In the event your car is stolen or written off you will only be paid the market value of your car at the time of your accident.
10.Look after your credit rating.Insurance companies are now looking at your credit score as part of the calculation for your insurance premium.Maintaining a good credit rating could avoid unnecessary additions to your premium.
11. Insure your car Third Party Only.Third party only is the minimum cover you are required to have by law it's also the cheapest.If your vehicle is of a low value then you could consider this type of cover.You need to remember that with this type of cover if you was to have a accident that any damage to your vehicle would not be covered for repair.
12. Keep a clean licenceInsurance companies take driving convictions very seriously and can dramatically increase your car insurance premium,by maintaining a clean licence proves to the insurance you are a safe and careful driver.
13. Remove any unnecessary drivers.If you have a young driver on your insurance policy that no longer use's the vehicle you should remove them as this will reduce your premium.
14. Young driver's add a older driver.Some insurance companies will reduce young drivers premiums if they have a older named driver on the insurance.
15. Build up your no-claims discountOne of the biggest factors affecting your car insurance premium is the number of years no-claim's discount.You could receive up to 75% discount for around 5 years of no claims.The more years you can stay claim free the safer driver your insurance company will see you as.
16. Protect your no-claims discount.Although this will increase your insurance premium if you have a lot of years of no-claims you may want to protect this as a small claim may increase your premium by up to 75%.
17. Buy a lower insurance group car.A very important factor to your insurance premium is what car you drive.Most insurance companies adopt the Association Of British Insurance Group Rating.This rates vehicle's from 1 - 20 generally speaking the higher the group the higher the premium.By buying a car with a lower group rating can lower your premium especially for young or inexperienced drivers.
18. Join a car club.If your vehicle is a classic or specialist consider joining a club related to your car most clubs offer insurance schemes which have very good premium rates.
19. Put your spouse as a named driver.Some insurance companies offer discounts when you add a spouse as a named driver as opposed to unmarried couples,they see marriage as a sign of stability and associate stability with safe driving and there for give you a discount.
20. Take pass plus.If you are a new driver consider taking your pass plus.some insurance companies could give you as much as a 25% discount and when you have just passed your test and have no no-claims this could make a considerable saving.
Car insurance premiums rise year after year,Although your car insurance premium largely depends on your Car, Age and discount there are a few steps you can take to help stop the rise or even reduce your premium.
1. Buy from the internet.Most companies offer a discount for online applications as this is automated process and costs them a lot less to process your application, you can usually see discounts of 5%-10%.Click here to get a instant online insurance quote
2. Shop around.All insurance companies use different formulas to calculate your insurance premium by adding or detracting money after each question the ask you.By shopping around you could find big savings on your insurance premium.
3. Buy extra products.Most insurance companies also do other insurance products ie"Building's and content's insurance".Most insurance companies will give extra discounts for purchasing more than one product,by doing this you could save a fair amount on all your insurance premiums.
4. Pay your insurance premium in one go.By paying your insurance premium in full you can avoid paying costly interest charges that would be added if you paid your insurance premium by instalments.Some insurance companies may charge as much as 15% APR on instalments.You may even receive a discount for paying in full.If you can not afford to pay in full check out what rate a small loan would be you may still save some money.Fill out a online loan application.
5. Increase your voluntary excess.Your excess is the amount paid by you in the event of a claim,by increasing this your insurance company should reduce your premium.
6. Lower your annual mileage.Lowering your annual mileage can reduce your premium,most insurance companies will quote you for around 12,000 miles a year.Try and work out how many mile's you will do if it's likely to be less you may get a discount.Be honest about this as your insurance company may ask to see old MOT'S and service history to verify your mileage in the event of a accident.
7. Have a Alarm,Immobiliser or Tracker fitted.Theft of and from your vehicle play a major role in the calculation of your insurance premium.Having a alarm or immobiliser fitted will give you a small discount to your premium and having a tracker fitted could make you quite a saving.
8. Take the advanced driving test.Passing your advanced driving test will show your insurance company that you have extra skill when driving and are less likely to be involved in a accident.
9. Don't inflate the value of your car.Adding extra value to your car when you apply for your insurance quote will do nothing for you apart from increase you premium.In the event your car is stolen or written off you will only be paid the market value of your car at the time of your accident.
10.Look after your credit rating.Insurance companies are now looking at your credit score as part of the calculation for your insurance premium.Maintaining a good credit rating could avoid unnecessary additions to your premium.
11. Insure your car Third Party Only.Third party only is the minimum cover you are required to have by law it's also the cheapest.If your vehicle is of a low value then you could consider this type of cover.You need to remember that with this type of cover if you was to have a accident that any damage to your vehicle would not be covered for repair.
12. Keep a clean licenceInsurance companies take driving convictions very seriously and can dramatically increase your car insurance premium,by maintaining a clean licence proves to the insurance you are a safe and careful driver.
13. Remove any unnecessary drivers.If you have a young driver on your insurance policy that no longer use's the vehicle you should remove them as this will reduce your premium.
14. Young driver's add a older driver.Some insurance companies will reduce young drivers premiums if they have a older named driver on the insurance.
15. Build up your no-claims discountOne of the biggest factors affecting your car insurance premium is the number of years no-claim's discount.You could receive up to 75% discount for around 5 years of no claims.The more years you can stay claim free the safer driver your insurance company will see you as.
16. Protect your no-claims discount.Although this will increase your insurance premium if you have a lot of years of no-claims you may want to protect this as a small claim may increase your premium by up to 75%.
17. Buy a lower insurance group car.A very important factor to your insurance premium is what car you drive.Most insurance companies adopt the Association Of British Insurance Group Rating.This rates vehicle's from 1 - 20 generally speaking the higher the group the higher the premium.By buying a car with a lower group rating can lower your premium especially for young or inexperienced drivers.
18. Join a car club.If your vehicle is a classic or specialist consider joining a club related to your car most clubs offer insurance schemes which have very good premium rates.
19. Put your spouse as a named driver.Some insurance companies offer discounts when you add a spouse as a named driver as opposed to unmarried couples,they see marriage as a sign of stability and associate stability with safe driving and there for give you a discount.
20. Take pass plus.If you are a new driver consider taking your pass plus.some insurance companies could give you as much as a 25% discount and when you have just passed your test and have no no-claims this could make a considerable saving.
10 Tips for Using Less Gas and Saving Money
The hurricane that has devastated so many lives has created a huge spike in gasoline prices around the country, even in areas that are not directly affected by the crisis.
With this in mind, here are some ways that you can reduce your gas consumption, and thereby spend less money at the pump. At the same time, you’ll also be helping the environment by putting fewer emissions into the air.
1. Avoid idling as much as possible. Modern engines do not need to be warmed up. In fact, they warm up better by driving them slowly, under a light load. Instead of using the drive-up window at the local fast food joint, consider going inside instead. If you do use the pick-up window, turn off the engine while you are in line. It takes less gas to restart a warmed-up engine than it does to idle for 30 seconds or more.
2. Accelerate and decelerate slowly. Don’t stomp on the gas peddle when the light turns green. Try to anticipate traffic flow and drive accordingly, keeping safety in mind at all times.
3. Lighten the load. If you have a bunch of stuff in your car that you don’t need with you, store it somewhere else. The more your car weighs, the more gas the engine must burn.
4. Combine trips. Try to run all your errands at one time. Planning ahead for what you need to buy and do can save a lot of trips and miles.
5. Check tire pressure. Improperly inflated tires create drag and reduce fuel efficiency by as much as 2%. Properly inflated are safer and they last longer.
6. Use the right gas. Check your owner’s manual for the right grade of gas for your car. It is a waste of money to use a higher grade then recommended.
7. Close the gas cap properly. Make sure the seal is tight. If you buy a replacement cap, make sure it is the right one for your make and model.
8. Change the air filter regularly. A clogged filter reduces mileage.
9. Change the spark plugs. Make sure to install new ones at the appropriate intervals to improve mileage.
10. Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle. If you have more than one vehicle, drive the one with the best mileage rating whenever possible.
I would like to close by asking everyone who reads this article to please give whatever you can to relief agencies such as The Red Cross and The Salvation Army, or one of many other worthy organizations that are working hard to bring aid and comfort to the victims of Hurricane Katrina.
Although it hurts to pay more at the pump, it can’t compare with the agony that so many in the Gulf Coast are enduring.
Thank you.
Copyright 2005 Danek Kaus
Danek S. Kaus is a freelance journalist who has published hundreds of articles on business, personal development and consumer issues. He is the co-author of the new book, “Power Persuasion: Using Hypnotic Influence to Win in Life, Love and Business.” For information, visit power-persuasion.com/book.
Want more gas saving tips and other ideas on how to win in life? Read The Winner's Edge at winnersedge.blogspot.com
With this in mind, here are some ways that you can reduce your gas consumption, and thereby spend less money at the pump. At the same time, you’ll also be helping the environment by putting fewer emissions into the air.
1. Avoid idling as much as possible. Modern engines do not need to be warmed up. In fact, they warm up better by driving them slowly, under a light load. Instead of using the drive-up window at the local fast food joint, consider going inside instead. If you do use the pick-up window, turn off the engine while you are in line. It takes less gas to restart a warmed-up engine than it does to idle for 30 seconds or more.
2. Accelerate and decelerate slowly. Don’t stomp on the gas peddle when the light turns green. Try to anticipate traffic flow and drive accordingly, keeping safety in mind at all times.
3. Lighten the load. If you have a bunch of stuff in your car that you don’t need with you, store it somewhere else. The more your car weighs, the more gas the engine must burn.
4. Combine trips. Try to run all your errands at one time. Planning ahead for what you need to buy and do can save a lot of trips and miles.
5. Check tire pressure. Improperly inflated tires create drag and reduce fuel efficiency by as much as 2%. Properly inflated are safer and they last longer.
6. Use the right gas. Check your owner’s manual for the right grade of gas for your car. It is a waste of money to use a higher grade then recommended.
7. Close the gas cap properly. Make sure the seal is tight. If you buy a replacement cap, make sure it is the right one for your make and model.
8. Change the air filter regularly. A clogged filter reduces mileage.
9. Change the spark plugs. Make sure to install new ones at the appropriate intervals to improve mileage.
10. Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle. If you have more than one vehicle, drive the one with the best mileage rating whenever possible.
I would like to close by asking everyone who reads this article to please give whatever you can to relief agencies such as The Red Cross and The Salvation Army, or one of many other worthy organizations that are working hard to bring aid and comfort to the victims of Hurricane Katrina.
Although it hurts to pay more at the pump, it can’t compare with the agony that so many in the Gulf Coast are enduring.
Thank you.
Copyright 2005 Danek Kaus
Danek S. Kaus is a freelance journalist who has published hundreds of articles on business, personal development and consumer issues. He is the co-author of the new book, “Power Persuasion: Using Hypnotic Influence to Win in Life, Love and Business.” For information, visit power-persuasion.com/book.
Want more gas saving tips and other ideas on how to win in life? Read The Winner's Edge at winnersedge.blogspot.com
Quality Safety Auto Parts for Mazda, Worthy Car Investments
Among the most distinguished names in the auto industry is Mazda. More than 800,000 units of Mazda vehicles are being sold out in the market every year, which only shows Mazda as a reliable auto maker. It is known for its exciting concept cars, powerful engines, including the revolutionary Wankel engine and tough and reliable auto parts designed and made with the most sophisticated technology. In the field of racing, Mazda has also exhibited superiority in building cars through its several wins credited to two, three- and four-rotor Mazda cars and other modified Mazda autos of private racers.
Mazda definitely deserves no less than excellent care as it affords every Mazda user great driving satisfaction. One way of taking good care of your Mazda is by installing the finest replacement and aftermarket Mazda parts [http://www.autopartscorner.com/mazda.html]. You don't have to go farther now because you can conveniently find the best Mazda parts in one convenient store online, Auto Parts Corner. For many years now, this store is considered as one of the most trusted sources of top of the line replacement auto parts for various makes and models.
Featured in this store are thousands of high quality safety parts for your Mazda car including Mazda tail lights [http://www.autopartscorner.com/tail_lights/mazda.html], Mazda rear lights, Mazda Bumpers, Mazda rear bumper and Mazda mirror. Investing on safety parts like these is never a waste of money; except of course, if you buy low quality replacement and aftermarket auto parts from a non-reliable source. At Auto Parts Corner, there is nothing to worry because getting your replacement parts from this store assures you of getting the finest from the industry. Its well designed online store itself can tell you it has the best solution to your auto parts needs.
Since most of these auto parts are fixed outside the car, they are made to enhance the car's exterior as well; thus, replacing them can be beneficial not only to your safety but to your car's looks, too. Headlights for example are designed to last longer than most auto parts; however, you can replace your stock Mazda headlights with excellently designed headlamps to give your Mazda a fresh new look. But more importantly, replacing your Mazda headlights with lamps that provide broader and longer beam can reduce risks in driving, especially at night.
Mirrors like the auto lights are important safety features in a car as they allow the driver to see the area behind or at the side of the car. High quality Mazda mirrors available at this Auto Parts Wholesale dealer provides better view of the road; thereby, they help prevent you from hitting obstacles, another vehicle or a pedestrian on the road more effectively.
Bumpers for various Mazda models are also offered in this store. These are among the most essential safety parts in a car since it is the Mazda bumper that absorbs the force during a collision. Without a bumper, the risks of incurring serious damages both to the passengers and the vehicle are higher. If your Mazda bumper has been damaged due to a small or high impact collision, replace it with tough and durable replacement bumper. It's better to spend some extra cash for these new parts than to incur more damages in the event of an accident.
Avail of these auto parts now and enjoy auto parts wholesale deals. Other performance parts offered for your Mazda car are Mazda engine parts, Mazda Radiators, Mazda starter, Mazda Wheels, Mazda suspension parts and Mazda Spoilers [http://www.autopartscorner.com/spoilers/mazda.html]. Aside from these, a complete and up-to-date list of quality replacement and aftermarket BMW Parts, Toyota Parts, Chevrolet Parts, Ford Parts, Volkswagen Parts and a whole lot more await you at the most experienced and trusted dealer online.
Tracy Dawson is a 29 year old researcher and writer from Dallas, Texas with extensive experience in writing auto-related articles and covering automotive related events. She is currently a contributing writer for a leading automotive e-zine.
Mazda definitely deserves no less than excellent care as it affords every Mazda user great driving satisfaction. One way of taking good care of your Mazda is by installing the finest replacement and aftermarket Mazda parts [http://www.autopartscorner.com/mazda.html]. You don't have to go farther now because you can conveniently find the best Mazda parts in one convenient store online, Auto Parts Corner. For many years now, this store is considered as one of the most trusted sources of top of the line replacement auto parts for various makes and models.
Featured in this store are thousands of high quality safety parts for your Mazda car including Mazda tail lights [http://www.autopartscorner.com/tail_lights/mazda.html], Mazda rear lights, Mazda Bumpers, Mazda rear bumper and Mazda mirror. Investing on safety parts like these is never a waste of money; except of course, if you buy low quality replacement and aftermarket auto parts from a non-reliable source. At Auto Parts Corner, there is nothing to worry because getting your replacement parts from this store assures you of getting the finest from the industry. Its well designed online store itself can tell you it has the best solution to your auto parts needs.
Since most of these auto parts are fixed outside the car, they are made to enhance the car's exterior as well; thus, replacing them can be beneficial not only to your safety but to your car's looks, too. Headlights for example are designed to last longer than most auto parts; however, you can replace your stock Mazda headlights with excellently designed headlamps to give your Mazda a fresh new look. But more importantly, replacing your Mazda headlights with lamps that provide broader and longer beam can reduce risks in driving, especially at night.
Mirrors like the auto lights are important safety features in a car as they allow the driver to see the area behind or at the side of the car. High quality Mazda mirrors available at this Auto Parts Wholesale dealer provides better view of the road; thereby, they help prevent you from hitting obstacles, another vehicle or a pedestrian on the road more effectively.
Bumpers for various Mazda models are also offered in this store. These are among the most essential safety parts in a car since it is the Mazda bumper that absorbs the force during a collision. Without a bumper, the risks of incurring serious damages both to the passengers and the vehicle are higher. If your Mazda bumper has been damaged due to a small or high impact collision, replace it with tough and durable replacement bumper. It's better to spend some extra cash for these new parts than to incur more damages in the event of an accident.
Avail of these auto parts now and enjoy auto parts wholesale deals. Other performance parts offered for your Mazda car are Mazda engine parts, Mazda Radiators, Mazda starter, Mazda Wheels, Mazda suspension parts and Mazda Spoilers [http://www.autopartscorner.com/spoilers/mazda.html]. Aside from these, a complete and up-to-date list of quality replacement and aftermarket BMW Parts, Toyota Parts, Chevrolet Parts, Ford Parts, Volkswagen Parts and a whole lot more await you at the most experienced and trusted dealer online.
Tracy Dawson is a 29 year old researcher and writer from Dallas, Texas with extensive experience in writing auto-related articles and covering automotive related events. She is currently a contributing writer for a leading automotive e-zine.
Best Replacement Parts for Toyota’s Hybrid Vehicles Housed at the No. 1 Toyota Parts Store
Toyota has long promoted environment responsibility through its low-emission vehicles and manufacturing plants with “zero-landfill producing operations.” With the introduction of the Toyota Prius in 1997, Toyota had taken a big step forward in its efforts to create more fuel efficient and environment-friendly vehicles. This feat is followed recently with the introduction of the Toyota Highlander. The Toyota Prius, being the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle and the Toyota Highlander, being the first seven-passenger hybrid Sport Utility Vehicle, are great contributions to the industry. Having one of them as your own vehicle certainly brings not only driving satisfaction but a great sense of pride, too.
One of the country's leading auto parts supplier specializing on selling OEM-quality Toyota parts, Toyota Parts Online [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com] proudly brings to its beloved customers a comprehensive and updated line of automotive replacement and aftermarket auto parts for the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius. With the same commitment as Toyota, this Toyota Parts Discount store offers the most dependable products that could make your Toyota vehicle more fuel efficient, environment-friendly and more capable.
As Toyota's latest and most sophisticated models, the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius are sure to give you a more satisfying ride compared to earlier Toyota cars; however, these vehicles are in the same way vulnerable to a lot of car problems ranging from minor to major car damages. All types of vehicle, no matter what make or model are of course subject to some malfunctions and thus, to repair and auto parts replacement. Accidents, too, would surely require you to replace some of the stock Toyota Prius parts and Toyota Highlander parts [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com/Toyota_Highlander_Parts.html]. This is where Toyota Parts Online is of great help to you and to thousands of Toyota owners who demand for excellence in their replacement Toyota parts needs.
Quality replacement parts available for your Toyota Highlander include Toyota hood, Toyota bumper retainer, Toyota grill, Toyota radiator, and Toyota A/C condenser. For additional safety and style, you can add or replace your current Toyota headlights with first-class and stylish headlamps offered in this store. Also available are elegant-looking Toyota Euro Altezza lights [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com/Toyota_Lights_Euro_Altezza.html], Toyota clear turn signal lamps, Toyota Projector Headlamps, Toyota clear corner lights for Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Pickup, Toyota 4Runner and other vehicles.
Believing in Toyota's dedication in providing its users the most dependable passenger cars, SUVs, vans and trucks, this Toyota auto parts dealer is proud to deliver the finest parts for various Toyota models, old and new alike. With their auto parts' tried and tested durability, you are sure to experience the same satisfaction you get from Toyota Parts Used in your Toyota vehicle. What's even greater is that you get all those parts at very exciting Toyota Parts Discount deals. Shopping for your Toyota replacement parts needs online has never been more fulfilling than buying them here at the country's number one Toyota parts dealer.
Mark Clarkson is a 35 year old marketing consultant for a leading auto parts store. This native of Denver is also an offroad enthusiast.
One of the country's leading auto parts supplier specializing on selling OEM-quality Toyota parts, Toyota Parts Online [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com] proudly brings to its beloved customers a comprehensive and updated line of automotive replacement and aftermarket auto parts for the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius. With the same commitment as Toyota, this Toyota Parts Discount store offers the most dependable products that could make your Toyota vehicle more fuel efficient, environment-friendly and more capable.
As Toyota's latest and most sophisticated models, the Toyota Highlander and the Toyota Prius are sure to give you a more satisfying ride compared to earlier Toyota cars; however, these vehicles are in the same way vulnerable to a lot of car problems ranging from minor to major car damages. All types of vehicle, no matter what make or model are of course subject to some malfunctions and thus, to repair and auto parts replacement. Accidents, too, would surely require you to replace some of the stock Toyota Prius parts and Toyota Highlander parts [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com/Toyota_Highlander_Parts.html]. This is where Toyota Parts Online is of great help to you and to thousands of Toyota owners who demand for excellence in their replacement Toyota parts needs.
Quality replacement parts available for your Toyota Highlander include Toyota hood, Toyota bumper retainer, Toyota grill, Toyota radiator, and Toyota A/C condenser. For additional safety and style, you can add or replace your current Toyota headlights with first-class and stylish headlamps offered in this store. Also available are elegant-looking Toyota Euro Altezza lights [http://www.tpartswarehouse.com/Toyota_Lights_Euro_Altezza.html], Toyota clear turn signal lamps, Toyota Projector Headlamps, Toyota clear corner lights for Toyota Tacoma, Toyota Pickup, Toyota 4Runner and other vehicles.
Believing in Toyota's dedication in providing its users the most dependable passenger cars, SUVs, vans and trucks, this Toyota auto parts dealer is proud to deliver the finest parts for various Toyota models, old and new alike. With their auto parts' tried and tested durability, you are sure to experience the same satisfaction you get from Toyota Parts Used in your Toyota vehicle. What's even greater is that you get all those parts at very exciting Toyota Parts Discount deals. Shopping for your Toyota replacement parts needs online has never been more fulfilling than buying them here at the country's number one Toyota parts dealer.
Mark Clarkson is a 35 year old marketing consultant for a leading auto parts store. This native of Denver is also an offroad enthusiast.
Fourteen Solid Motor Vehicle Accident Insights
Every driver should always have the following 5 items in their vehicle at all times !
#1. A paper and pen to take down notes in the event of an accident. #2. A list of all emergency phone numbers. #3. A disposable camera to record evidence at the scene of an accident. #4. A list of medical conditions or allergies you may have. #5. A set of cones, warning triangles or emergency flares to alert other drivers of an accident.
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE
#6. Always wear your seat belt. (63% of people killed in accidents in 2004 were not wearing seat belts). On the average, inpatient hospital care costs for an unbelted cash victim are 50% higher than those who wore belts. (In 2004 there were an estimated 6,356,000 car accidents in the United States. Plus there were 2.9 million injuries and 42,643 individuals were killed).
It has been predicted that if 90 percent of American's wore seat belt’s (by the end of 2005) we would save over 8 billion bucks.
#7. Understand the effects of drugs and alcohol on your body.
#8. Be patient. And, if you’re fatigued, stop driving.
#9. Be courteous (rather than aggressive) toward other drivers.
#10. You must look both ways twice before crossing an intersection. (Don’t speed into an intersection the instant the light turns green. Another driver may be running a red light).
#11. Always check the “Blind Spots” before changing lanes.(There's plenty of proof that tells us our motor vehicle mirrors are not adequate).
#12. Leave enough space between yourself and the motor vehicle ahead of you. (When traveling or even when stopped).
#13. REPAIRING YOUR MOTOR VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGES. If and when you bring your motor vehicle to a repair shop, it’s important to keep in mind that different shops offer disparate damage appraisals. Because of this it’s always to your advantage to obtain several estimates prior to getting the damage repaired.
#14. REPAIRING YOUR PERSONAL INJURY DAMAGES. Your personal injury may not be apparent at the scene or perhaps it only becomes apparent at a later date. After you were involved in an accident you must see your physician. "Why?", you ask. The answer to that one is simple, "Because the physician may be able to identify injuries you’ve not yet noticed.
And so (no matter what others may say) be sure to visit your physician after ANY motor vehicle accident you've been involved in !
DISCLAIMER: The only purpose of this article "FOURTEEN SOLID MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT INSIGHTS” is to help people understand the motor vehicle accident claim process. Neither Dan Baldyga, Peter Go nor ARTICLE CITY make any guarantee of any kind whatsoever, NOR to substitute for a lawyer, an insurance adjuster, or claims consultant, or the like. Where such professional help is desired, it is THE INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBILITY to obtain said services.
Dan Baldyga’s third and latest book AUTO ACCIDENT PERSONAL INJURY INSURANCE CLAIM (How To Evaluate And Settle Your Loss) can be found on the internet at http://www.caraccidentclaims.com or http://www.autoaccidentclaims.com. This book reveals “How To” handle your property damage claim so you won’t be taken advantage of. It also goes into detail regarding BASE (The Baldyga Auto Accident Settlement Evaluation Formula). THE BASE FORMULA explains how to determine the value of the “Pain and Suffering” you endured - - because of your personal injury!
Copyright (c) 2005 By Daniel B. Baldyga. All Rights Reserved.
Dan Baldyga - Author
dbpaw@comcast.net
FAX: 1 (413) 731 8358
AUTO ACCIDENT PERSONAL INJURY INSURANCE CLAIM
(How To Evaluate And Settle Your Loss)
http://www.autoaccidentclaims.com
Or: http://www.caraccidentclaims.com
#1. A paper and pen to take down notes in the event of an accident. #2. A list of all emergency phone numbers. #3. A disposable camera to record evidence at the scene of an accident. #4. A list of medical conditions or allergies you may have. #5. A set of cones, warning triangles or emergency flares to alert other drivers of an accident.
IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE
#6. Always wear your seat belt. (63% of people killed in accidents in 2004 were not wearing seat belts). On the average, inpatient hospital care costs for an unbelted cash victim are 50% higher than those who wore belts. (In 2004 there were an estimated 6,356,000 car accidents in the United States. Plus there were 2.9 million injuries and 42,643 individuals were killed).
It has been predicted that if 90 percent of American's wore seat belt’s (by the end of 2005) we would save over 8 billion bucks.
#7. Understand the effects of drugs and alcohol on your body.
#8. Be patient. And, if you’re fatigued, stop driving.
#9. Be courteous (rather than aggressive) toward other drivers.
#10. You must look both ways twice before crossing an intersection. (Don’t speed into an intersection the instant the light turns green. Another driver may be running a red light).
#11. Always check the “Blind Spots” before changing lanes.(There's plenty of proof that tells us our motor vehicle mirrors are not adequate).
#12. Leave enough space between yourself and the motor vehicle ahead of you. (When traveling or even when stopped).
#13. REPAIRING YOUR MOTOR VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGES. If and when you bring your motor vehicle to a repair shop, it’s important to keep in mind that different shops offer disparate damage appraisals. Because of this it’s always to your advantage to obtain several estimates prior to getting the damage repaired.
#14. REPAIRING YOUR PERSONAL INJURY DAMAGES. Your personal injury may not be apparent at the scene or perhaps it only becomes apparent at a later date. After you were involved in an accident you must see your physician. "Why?", you ask. The answer to that one is simple, "Because the physician may be able to identify injuries you’ve not yet noticed.
And so (no matter what others may say) be sure to visit your physician after ANY motor vehicle accident you've been involved in !
DISCLAIMER: The only purpose of this article "FOURTEEN SOLID MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT INSIGHTS” is to help people understand the motor vehicle accident claim process. Neither Dan Baldyga, Peter Go nor ARTICLE CITY make any guarantee of any kind whatsoever, NOR to substitute for a lawyer, an insurance adjuster, or claims consultant, or the like. Where such professional help is desired, it is THE INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBILITY to obtain said services.
Dan Baldyga’s third and latest book AUTO ACCIDENT PERSONAL INJURY INSURANCE CLAIM (How To Evaluate And Settle Your Loss) can be found on the internet at http://www.caraccidentclaims.com or http://www.autoaccidentclaims.com. This book reveals “How To” handle your property damage claim so you won’t be taken advantage of. It also goes into detail regarding BASE (The Baldyga Auto Accident Settlement Evaluation Formula). THE BASE FORMULA explains how to determine the value of the “Pain and Suffering” you endured - - because of your personal injury!
Copyright (c) 2005 By Daniel B. Baldyga. All Rights Reserved.
Dan Baldyga - Author
dbpaw@comcast.net
FAX: 1 (413) 731 8358
AUTO ACCIDENT PERSONAL INJURY INSURANCE CLAIM
(How To Evaluate And Settle Your Loss)
http://www.autoaccidentclaims.com
Or: http://www.caraccidentclaims.com
Aluminum Casting Technologies
by: Alexander Xiavier
Aluminum Casting Technologies and Cost effectiveness
Aluminum is the established metal of choice for the production of light weight components in the automotive, aerospace and transport industries. Casting liquid aluminum alloys into metal moulds using processes such as gravity, low pressure and high pressure die casting is a cost effective means of producing complex shapes that require minimal machining. Australia's automotive industry supports a strong local aluminum die casting industry, producing parts that include automotive transmission housings, cylinder heads, inlet manifolds and engine sumps.(Ref:www.reform.co.in)
Growth in world automotive markets for aluminium die cast components is creating significant opportunities and challenges for the Australian industry, which is positioning itself as a global player. Through partnerships between our research organisations and key automotive participants such as Nissan and Ford, CAST has developed innovative and novel technologies that have benefited our partner's productivity. In turn, these technologies have created IP that is poised on the verge of commercialisation. An example featured is CASTcoat a project that began as postgraduate research at CSIRO and The University of Queensland. It was developed further under CAST project funding at CSIRO with industrial trials at Nissan, Ford, Merne Products, Castalloy and others. Now it is a provisionally patented technology. (Ref:www.reform.co.in)
Cycle Time Reduction
Automated Fault Detection in Aluminium Die Casting
Modelling of Fluid Flow Inside a Die Cavity Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Tailoring of CAST’s New Die Coat for LPDC and GDC
Integrated Gravity Die Design Methodology
Improved Quality Aluminium Automotive Castings
Reduction in Metal Pressure in the HPDC Process
Cycle Time Reduction
To increase productivity of high pressure die casting by reducing casting machine cycle time by 30%.
More than a 20% reduction in cycle time has been achieved and implemented on selected parts at two industry partner plants. The project has involved identification of opportunities to reduce the process cycle time, performing research to prove the concept and then carrying out the actual trial to prove the theoretical findings. This necessitated the involvement of shopfloor staff in order to implement changes to the process. Such trials are often in conflict with the day to day production of parts and only through true cooperation has it been possible to achieve the project objectives.
The third year of this project has shown the development of true cooperation between researchers and industrial partners where the latest research findings obtained through modelling and simulation have been implemented on the shopfloor with the help and support of staff from Ford and Nissan. The changes, once trialed during a production period, have been implemented as part of the process, hence providing ongoing cost benefits through a reduction in the time required to produce each component.
An example of implementation is a reduction in cycle time at Nissan on a gearbox side cover produced in a twin cavity die that has shown successful production results over many months from an original cycle time of 75 seconds down to 60 seconds. Whilst research at Ford on a converter housing casting has shown successful implementation of cycle time reduction from 90 seconds to 74 seconds.
In future work we will look for further opportunities with current stakeholders and the die casting industry in general, to implement the horizontal deployment of cycle time reduction across other machines and parts.
Automated Fault Detection in Aluminium Die Casting
To develop and implement an automatic fault detection system for surface and sub-surface defects.
A fully automated fault detection machine called CASTvision has been developed and a prototype system is ready for extended in-plant on-line trials. This project is in its third year and exciting results are now emerging. The results from the algorithm, which was designed and developed during the second year of the project, have been put to the test this year. Through prototyping, the CAST team have designed and developed a working system, CASTvision. For Ford's converter housing casting the off-line system can detect and discriminate between defective and good parts. The prototype system is capable of identifying blocked holes on any of the holes on this complex casting. Off-line systems have also been developed where hot tears and cold shuts can be detected on Ford's structural sump casting.
Work at Nissan on their pump cover casting has resulted in a CASTvision prototype system for in-line fault detection. The system is able to capture images and identify certain categories of defects on the surface of the part. This project has demonstrated that advances in machine vision applied to fault detection of aluminium castings can be taken from the concept stage through to a working prototype very successfully. The next step for this project is to take the concepts from single part to multi part systems able to handle more complex shapes and surfaces. This outcome will be a strong candidate for future commercialisation.
Modelling of Fluid Flow Inside a Die Cavity Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
To develop a simulation technique to assist industry in design and optimisation of dies and products.
This year has seen extensive developments in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code along with testing undertaken to improve the robustness and speed of modelling. Enhancements were also made to the visualisation techniques used to display results from SPH's three dimensional (3D) simulation results. 3D SPH isothermal simulations and animations of parts from Nissan and Metaldyne showing complex filling patterns were completed. Observations by staff at Nissan Casting of the casting's filling pattern during production were consistent with the SPH modelling predictions.
Water analogue images from a clear perspex model of a servo piston die casting part and digitised short shots of an aluminium casting were completed for validation with flow predictions from SPH. The validation process and further computational speed improvements will be completed next year. Further developments of the SPH code particularly in the areas of heat transfer, solidification, surface oxide prediction, robustness and speed are planned in future work.
Tailoring of reform's New Die Coat for LPDC and GDC
To commercialise the die coat technology for low pressure and gravity die casting and further improve die coat properties.
Industrial trials were carried out successfully in several low pressure and gravity die casting plants. Its performance was enhanced in low draft angle areas of the die by application of a sealer. Two provisional patents covering inventions related to reform.com have been lodged.
Integrated Gravity Die Design Methodology
To develop an integrated die design methodology for gravity die casting that can achieve optimal die filling, optimal feeding and yield, and dimensional stability.
A new design of feeders to address the root cause of shrinkage porosity defects in an inlet manifold casting was implemented on a customer's die and resulted in excellent outcomes. A study was completed on the use of "squeeze pins" to reduce or eliminate shrinkage defects in a gravity test die. The squeeze pin technique demonstrated that surface shrinkage can be effectively eliminated and associated internal micro shrinkage can be significantly reduced in the locations tried. The squeeze pin concept was extended to include application as a mechanical squeeze/shear gate to reduce fettling requirement. The mechanism implemented on a test die allowed the shearing of the gate before full solidification, with adjustment to produce variable gate widths.
The final part of the methodology to be developed is optimal die filling through variable tilt pouring from a ladle. To ensure smooth flow, the variable tilting motion can be programmed to match the filling rate with changes in the instantaneous flow area. Flow evaluation is done by real time X-ray radiography on a test die. The effect of die geometry, especially wall thickness, on die distortion will be investigated using computer simulation that models thermal stresses in casting cycles.
Improved Quality Aluminium Automotive Castings
To improve the overall performance of low pressure die casting operations by implementing improved tools in design and process control to reduce casting defects.
Successful development of appropriate tooling design and process control has been achieved for the low pressure die casting (LPDC) process to cast small automotive components. A multi-cavity die design was selected and optimised by solidification simulation. Several dies of this design are being used to produce high-volume, high-integrity parts. Casting parameters were also investigated to improve the casting quality and reduce the cycle time. Die trials were conducted on an LPDC research die to investigate the effect of casting geometry and process parameters on shrinkage defects in castings having several fundamental features of cylinder heads. The die trial successfully produced castings with shrinkage defects in one particular area sandwiched in the sand core, as predicted. Analysis of castings made on the LPDC pseudo-cylinder head research die will be completed to establish relationships between porosity defects and process parameters.
Reduction in Metal Pressure in the HPDC Process
To investigate the role of metal pressure on the production of quality parts in high pressure die casting.
In the final six months of this project, effort was focused on innovative technologies. One such technology was designed to absorb impact pressure spikes that cause detrimental flashing and the other technology involved revamping the hydraulics of ageing die casting machines to improve product quality. A novel shock absorbing technology was developed that utilised existing casting overflows. Die casting trials at CSIRO confirmed the effectiveness of this technology in absorbing impact pressure shocks upon cavity filling. Through in-plant trials at Nissan Casting Plant the limits of hydraulic valve timing and circuit functioning were confirmed. A proposal for a revamp to improve intensification pressure response was put forward. The project concluded in December 2001. Ford Australia may adopt the reduced pressure operating parameters for the production of their new Barra model engine sumps later in 2002.
Alexander Xiavier
We are promoting Technology to entire world community.
gurugantal2000@yahoo.com
Aluminum Casting Technologies and Cost effectiveness
Aluminum is the established metal of choice for the production of light weight components in the automotive, aerospace and transport industries. Casting liquid aluminum alloys into metal moulds using processes such as gravity, low pressure and high pressure die casting is a cost effective means of producing complex shapes that require minimal machining. Australia's automotive industry supports a strong local aluminum die casting industry, producing parts that include automotive transmission housings, cylinder heads, inlet manifolds and engine sumps.(Ref:www.reform.co.in)
Growth in world automotive markets for aluminium die cast components is creating significant opportunities and challenges for the Australian industry, which is positioning itself as a global player. Through partnerships between our research organisations and key automotive participants such as Nissan and Ford, CAST has developed innovative and novel technologies that have benefited our partner's productivity. In turn, these technologies have created IP that is poised on the verge of commercialisation. An example featured is CASTcoat a project that began as postgraduate research at CSIRO and The University of Queensland. It was developed further under CAST project funding at CSIRO with industrial trials at Nissan, Ford, Merne Products, Castalloy and others. Now it is a provisionally patented technology. (Ref:www.reform.co.in)
Cycle Time Reduction
Automated Fault Detection in Aluminium Die Casting
Modelling of Fluid Flow Inside a Die Cavity Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Tailoring of CAST’s New Die Coat for LPDC and GDC
Integrated Gravity Die Design Methodology
Improved Quality Aluminium Automotive Castings
Reduction in Metal Pressure in the HPDC Process
Cycle Time Reduction
To increase productivity of high pressure die casting by reducing casting machine cycle time by 30%.
More than a 20% reduction in cycle time has been achieved and implemented on selected parts at two industry partner plants. The project has involved identification of opportunities to reduce the process cycle time, performing research to prove the concept and then carrying out the actual trial to prove the theoretical findings. This necessitated the involvement of shopfloor staff in order to implement changes to the process. Such trials are often in conflict with the day to day production of parts and only through true cooperation has it been possible to achieve the project objectives.
The third year of this project has shown the development of true cooperation between researchers and industrial partners where the latest research findings obtained through modelling and simulation have been implemented on the shopfloor with the help and support of staff from Ford and Nissan. The changes, once trialed during a production period, have been implemented as part of the process, hence providing ongoing cost benefits through a reduction in the time required to produce each component.
An example of implementation is a reduction in cycle time at Nissan on a gearbox side cover produced in a twin cavity die that has shown successful production results over many months from an original cycle time of 75 seconds down to 60 seconds. Whilst research at Ford on a converter housing casting has shown successful implementation of cycle time reduction from 90 seconds to 74 seconds.
In future work we will look for further opportunities with current stakeholders and the die casting industry in general, to implement the horizontal deployment of cycle time reduction across other machines and parts.
Automated Fault Detection in Aluminium Die Casting
To develop and implement an automatic fault detection system for surface and sub-surface defects.
A fully automated fault detection machine called CASTvision has been developed and a prototype system is ready for extended in-plant on-line trials. This project is in its third year and exciting results are now emerging. The results from the algorithm, which was designed and developed during the second year of the project, have been put to the test this year. Through prototyping, the CAST team have designed and developed a working system, CASTvision. For Ford's converter housing casting the off-line system can detect and discriminate between defective and good parts. The prototype system is capable of identifying blocked holes on any of the holes on this complex casting. Off-line systems have also been developed where hot tears and cold shuts can be detected on Ford's structural sump casting.
Work at Nissan on their pump cover casting has resulted in a CASTvision prototype system for in-line fault detection. The system is able to capture images and identify certain categories of defects on the surface of the part. This project has demonstrated that advances in machine vision applied to fault detection of aluminium castings can be taken from the concept stage through to a working prototype very successfully. The next step for this project is to take the concepts from single part to multi part systems able to handle more complex shapes and surfaces. This outcome will be a strong candidate for future commercialisation.
Modelling of Fluid Flow Inside a Die Cavity Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
To develop a simulation technique to assist industry in design and optimisation of dies and products.
This year has seen extensive developments in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code along with testing undertaken to improve the robustness and speed of modelling. Enhancements were also made to the visualisation techniques used to display results from SPH's three dimensional (3D) simulation results. 3D SPH isothermal simulations and animations of parts from Nissan and Metaldyne showing complex filling patterns were completed. Observations by staff at Nissan Casting of the casting's filling pattern during production were consistent with the SPH modelling predictions.
Water analogue images from a clear perspex model of a servo piston die casting part and digitised short shots of an aluminium casting were completed for validation with flow predictions from SPH. The validation process and further computational speed improvements will be completed next year. Further developments of the SPH code particularly in the areas of heat transfer, solidification, surface oxide prediction, robustness and speed are planned in future work.
Tailoring of reform's New Die Coat for LPDC and GDC
To commercialise the die coat technology for low pressure and gravity die casting and further improve die coat properties.
Industrial trials were carried out successfully in several low pressure and gravity die casting plants. Its performance was enhanced in low draft angle areas of the die by application of a sealer. Two provisional patents covering inventions related to reform.com have been lodged.
Integrated Gravity Die Design Methodology
To develop an integrated die design methodology for gravity die casting that can achieve optimal die filling, optimal feeding and yield, and dimensional stability.
A new design of feeders to address the root cause of shrinkage porosity defects in an inlet manifold casting was implemented on a customer's die and resulted in excellent outcomes. A study was completed on the use of "squeeze pins" to reduce or eliminate shrinkage defects in a gravity test die. The squeeze pin technique demonstrated that surface shrinkage can be effectively eliminated and associated internal micro shrinkage can be significantly reduced in the locations tried. The squeeze pin concept was extended to include application as a mechanical squeeze/shear gate to reduce fettling requirement. The mechanism implemented on a test die allowed the shearing of the gate before full solidification, with adjustment to produce variable gate widths.
The final part of the methodology to be developed is optimal die filling through variable tilt pouring from a ladle. To ensure smooth flow, the variable tilting motion can be programmed to match the filling rate with changes in the instantaneous flow area. Flow evaluation is done by real time X-ray radiography on a test die. The effect of die geometry, especially wall thickness, on die distortion will be investigated using computer simulation that models thermal stresses in casting cycles.
Improved Quality Aluminium Automotive Castings
To improve the overall performance of low pressure die casting operations by implementing improved tools in design and process control to reduce casting defects.
Successful development of appropriate tooling design and process control has been achieved for the low pressure die casting (LPDC) process to cast small automotive components. A multi-cavity die design was selected and optimised by solidification simulation. Several dies of this design are being used to produce high-volume, high-integrity parts. Casting parameters were also investigated to improve the casting quality and reduce the cycle time. Die trials were conducted on an LPDC research die to investigate the effect of casting geometry and process parameters on shrinkage defects in castings having several fundamental features of cylinder heads. The die trial successfully produced castings with shrinkage defects in one particular area sandwiched in the sand core, as predicted. Analysis of castings made on the LPDC pseudo-cylinder head research die will be completed to establish relationships between porosity defects and process parameters.
Reduction in Metal Pressure in the HPDC Process
To investigate the role of metal pressure on the production of quality parts in high pressure die casting.
In the final six months of this project, effort was focused on innovative technologies. One such technology was designed to absorb impact pressure spikes that cause detrimental flashing and the other technology involved revamping the hydraulics of ageing die casting machines to improve product quality. A novel shock absorbing technology was developed that utilised existing casting overflows. Die casting trials at CSIRO confirmed the effectiveness of this technology in absorbing impact pressure shocks upon cavity filling. Through in-plant trials at Nissan Casting Plant the limits of hydraulic valve timing and circuit functioning were confirmed. A proposal for a revamp to improve intensification pressure response was put forward. The project concluded in December 2001. Ford Australia may adopt the reduced pressure operating parameters for the production of their new Barra model engine sumps later in 2002.
Alexander Xiavier
We are promoting Technology to entire world community.
gurugantal2000@yahoo.com
Become a Test Driver for Car Magazines -- a Dream Job for Car Enthusiasts
Imagine getting paid to drive some of the world’s greatest cars -- Mercedes, Corvette, Porsche, Viper, and others. Sounds great? Now picture doing that on luxurious all-expense-paid trips to exotic locations, where you hang out with some of the biggest names in the auto industry.
That’s everyday life for car-magazine test drivers.
Hard to believe? You're not the only person who thinks so. I've worked as a car-magazine test driver since 1999 and I still get looks of astonishment when I tell people what I do for a living. Getting a job like this seems like it would be as hard as winning the lottery. But the truth is, you don't have to be working for big, glossy sports-car magazines to enjoy a great job as a test driver. There are countless other publications that use test drivers. And you don't need extraordinary luck or rare talent to get into this profession.
Granted, it's not as easy as applying to get a part-time job at the mall, or even like going after a typical office job. But it's also not a frustrating, one-in-a-million chance like trying to become a rock star or a Hollywood actor either. Far from it.
There isn't a pre-specified way to become a car-magazine test driver as there is for, say, becoming a doctor or lawyer. So you have to pretty much find your own path into the field. That may sound intimidating, but it's actually another one of the profession's upsides -- people can work their way into test-driver jobs from widely varying experience and education. For example, one of my colleagues was working in a retail bookstore before becoming a test driver. He got into an automotive publication by taking a relatively easy job in a publisher's photo library. The photo library worked with the company's automotive division a lot, so he was in a prime position when a job opened up there.
Now he hangs out at racetracks, drives Jaguars and Corvettes, and goes on press trips to Hawaii and Palm Springs.
His story is fairly typical. Plenty of people -- men and women alike -- get into the profession in similar sorts of ways. And you might be surprised at how quickly things can move along toward getting such a job if you put your mind to it. Although every person's career progresses at a different pace, three to five years is a pretty normal time for breaking into becoming a test driver. Not bad for a job that routinely puts you behind the wheel of $60,000 cars for a week at a time.
Regardless of your experience or education, you'll have to learn how to write fairly well. Once test drivers drive a car, they're usually required to write an article based on their findings. And when they're not behind the wheel, test drivers are usually sitting at their desk writing other things such as news pieces, interview stories, or retrospective articles.
That said, you don't have to be an award-winning writer with decades of journalism experience to become a test driver. A lot of people working in this field are self-taught. With some study and diligent practice, most car enthusiasts could learn how to write well enough to do the job.
For anyone who loves cars, being a test driver is like a fairy tale mixed with a weekend in Vegas -- you can’t help but be amazed by some of the things you get to do. It takes more effort to get these jobs than it does to break into other, more mundane fields. But it's well worth it.
David Bellm
For more information on how to become a test driver, go to: http://www.autiv.com/.
David Bellm is the president of Autiv Corporation, the web’s leading authority on automotive careers. Prior to founding Autiv, Bellm was a test driver and editor for Publications International, which publishes Consumer Guide automotive buying guides, Collectible Automobile magazine, and an ongoing line of hardcover automotive-history books.
That’s everyday life for car-magazine test drivers.
Hard to believe? You're not the only person who thinks so. I've worked as a car-magazine test driver since 1999 and I still get looks of astonishment when I tell people what I do for a living. Getting a job like this seems like it would be as hard as winning the lottery. But the truth is, you don't have to be working for big, glossy sports-car magazines to enjoy a great job as a test driver. There are countless other publications that use test drivers. And you don't need extraordinary luck or rare talent to get into this profession.
Granted, it's not as easy as applying to get a part-time job at the mall, or even like going after a typical office job. But it's also not a frustrating, one-in-a-million chance like trying to become a rock star or a Hollywood actor either. Far from it.
There isn't a pre-specified way to become a car-magazine test driver as there is for, say, becoming a doctor or lawyer. So you have to pretty much find your own path into the field. That may sound intimidating, but it's actually another one of the profession's upsides -- people can work their way into test-driver jobs from widely varying experience and education. For example, one of my colleagues was working in a retail bookstore before becoming a test driver. He got into an automotive publication by taking a relatively easy job in a publisher's photo library. The photo library worked with the company's automotive division a lot, so he was in a prime position when a job opened up there.
Now he hangs out at racetracks, drives Jaguars and Corvettes, and goes on press trips to Hawaii and Palm Springs.
His story is fairly typical. Plenty of people -- men and women alike -- get into the profession in similar sorts of ways. And you might be surprised at how quickly things can move along toward getting such a job if you put your mind to it. Although every person's career progresses at a different pace, three to five years is a pretty normal time for breaking into becoming a test driver. Not bad for a job that routinely puts you behind the wheel of $60,000 cars for a week at a time.
Regardless of your experience or education, you'll have to learn how to write fairly well. Once test drivers drive a car, they're usually required to write an article based on their findings. And when they're not behind the wheel, test drivers are usually sitting at their desk writing other things such as news pieces, interview stories, or retrospective articles.
That said, you don't have to be an award-winning writer with decades of journalism experience to become a test driver. A lot of people working in this field are self-taught. With some study and diligent practice, most car enthusiasts could learn how to write well enough to do the job.
For anyone who loves cars, being a test driver is like a fairy tale mixed with a weekend in Vegas -- you can’t help but be amazed by some of the things you get to do. It takes more effort to get these jobs than it does to break into other, more mundane fields. But it's well worth it.
David Bellm
For more information on how to become a test driver, go to: http://www.autiv.com/.
David Bellm is the president of Autiv Corporation, the web’s leading authority on automotive careers. Prior to founding Autiv, Bellm was a test driver and editor for Publications International, which publishes Consumer Guide automotive buying guides, Collectible Automobile magazine, and an ongoing line of hardcover automotive-history books.
2006 Mazda MX-5 Miata - the Freewheeling Youth of the Sports-Car World Matures
by: David Bellm
Mazda has done it again. First, they reinvigorated the sports car market a decade and a half ago with the introduction of the Miata for 1990. Then the company followed that up with a redesigned version that was good enough to make Miata the biggest-selling sports car in history.
Now, for 2006, they've topped that with a third-generation Miata that's as sophisticated as far more expensive sports cars, despite keeping its reasonable low-20-thousand-dollar price tag.
Compared to the two previous versions, the 2006 MX-5 Miata is a little larger in most dimensions, and gains about 50 pounds. It continues with its four-cylinder engine but now it's a 170-hp 2.0-liter instead of a 142-hp 1.8.
Slipping into the interior, it's obvious that Mazda's junior sports car has grown a bit. Instead of the window sills having a sort of elbow-height feeling, you now feel as though you're sitting low in the car, instead of sitting on it. Along with the cabin's extra room comes a more upscale look to the interior. Although still not exactly plush feeling, the new Miata replaces its predecessors' retro spartan style with a somewhat more opulent look. The leather seats are both easy on the eyes and posterior. The convertible top has a cloth surface and a glass rear window, and it folds neatly into a smooth bunch that latches down to form a smooth profile without a separate cover.
Overall, the cabin pleases in both design and execution. There's a subtle, high-quality feel to it that speaks of cars costing far more than our tester's $25,000 sticker price.
Firing the engine up brings forth a sporty purr that's maybe a tad more subdued than Miatas past, but nonetheless satisfying. Once rolling, planting your foot into the gas yields one of the bigger delights of the new Miata. The engine feels somewhat stronger than its power rating might imply, providing gutsy acceleration at low speeds and very nice passing power without downshifting. It never feels high-strung or fussy.
Complementing that pleasure is the shifter. Traditionally a strong suit of Miatas past, the new version continues to be noteworthy. Although not quite as pleasingly mechanical feeling as before, the shifter is precise, with appropriate springing and well-defined gates. Tying it all together are pedals that are well spaced for easy heel-and-toe downshifts.
Once acclimated to the new Miata's basic control personality, it's time to tackle some twisty roads. And you'll quickly find that this aspect of the new car is where the new Miata differs the most from its predecessors.
While the generation-one and -two Miatas were well known for having low handling limits and almost toylike tossability, the new Miata feels heftier, more serious, and obviously more capable. In earlier Miatas the idea of slipping and sliding the rear end was as obvious and basic as putting the top down on a sunny day -- Miata practically begged for such exuberance behind the wheel.
The new Miata responds to such tail-happy shenanigans with all the control and communication of Mazda's earlier little sprites. But now the car just doesn't seem to ask for it with such a strong voice. This version's vastly higher grip and more potent engine instead make it happier with high corner-entry speeds and smooth, even steering-wheel inputs.
Those things said, this Miata is really happy in that environment. Whereas previous Miatas tended to have a wild, freewheeling personality on winding roads, the new version hauls through turns as if locked onto rails, with minimal body lean and very high limits that aren't as easy to upset.
It's still terrific fun. It's just a little different kind of fun.
It's clear that Mazda has once again crafted a true little gem of a sports car. There's not a squeak or rattle to be heard, the engine has a smooth, almost exotic personality, and the driving controls are precise and solid. You find yourself double checking the sticker to see if this is really a $25,000 sports car -- plenty of rivals costing $15k more than Miata don't get these things much (if any) better.
As for how this new Miata design overall compares to its predecessors, picture a guy that was loveable but slightly over-eager in college. Now he's been out in the real world for few years and maybe gotten a graduate degree.
He's not really the same guy anymore, but he commands more respect. And he's still a whole lot of fun to be around.
David Bellm
You could get paid to test-drive cars like this. Learn how to become a test driver for car magazines: http://www.autiv.com/
David Bellm is a veteran test driver and automotive writer. He is the founder and president of Autiv Corporation, the web’s leading authority on automotive careers.
Mazda has done it again. First, they reinvigorated the sports car market a decade and a half ago with the introduction of the Miata for 1990. Then the company followed that up with a redesigned version that was good enough to make Miata the biggest-selling sports car in history.
Now, for 2006, they've topped that with a third-generation Miata that's as sophisticated as far more expensive sports cars, despite keeping its reasonable low-20-thousand-dollar price tag.
Compared to the two previous versions, the 2006 MX-5 Miata is a little larger in most dimensions, and gains about 50 pounds. It continues with its four-cylinder engine but now it's a 170-hp 2.0-liter instead of a 142-hp 1.8.
Slipping into the interior, it's obvious that Mazda's junior sports car has grown a bit. Instead of the window sills having a sort of elbow-height feeling, you now feel as though you're sitting low in the car, instead of sitting on it. Along with the cabin's extra room comes a more upscale look to the interior. Although still not exactly plush feeling, the new Miata replaces its predecessors' retro spartan style with a somewhat more opulent look. The leather seats are both easy on the eyes and posterior. The convertible top has a cloth surface and a glass rear window, and it folds neatly into a smooth bunch that latches down to form a smooth profile without a separate cover.
Overall, the cabin pleases in both design and execution. There's a subtle, high-quality feel to it that speaks of cars costing far more than our tester's $25,000 sticker price.
Firing the engine up brings forth a sporty purr that's maybe a tad more subdued than Miatas past, but nonetheless satisfying. Once rolling, planting your foot into the gas yields one of the bigger delights of the new Miata. The engine feels somewhat stronger than its power rating might imply, providing gutsy acceleration at low speeds and very nice passing power without downshifting. It never feels high-strung or fussy.
Complementing that pleasure is the shifter. Traditionally a strong suit of Miatas past, the new version continues to be noteworthy. Although not quite as pleasingly mechanical feeling as before, the shifter is precise, with appropriate springing and well-defined gates. Tying it all together are pedals that are well spaced for easy heel-and-toe downshifts.
Once acclimated to the new Miata's basic control personality, it's time to tackle some twisty roads. And you'll quickly find that this aspect of the new car is where the new Miata differs the most from its predecessors.
While the generation-one and -two Miatas were well known for having low handling limits and almost toylike tossability, the new Miata feels heftier, more serious, and obviously more capable. In earlier Miatas the idea of slipping and sliding the rear end was as obvious and basic as putting the top down on a sunny day -- Miata practically begged for such exuberance behind the wheel.
The new Miata responds to such tail-happy shenanigans with all the control and communication of Mazda's earlier little sprites. But now the car just doesn't seem to ask for it with such a strong voice. This version's vastly higher grip and more potent engine instead make it happier with high corner-entry speeds and smooth, even steering-wheel inputs.
Those things said, this Miata is really happy in that environment. Whereas previous Miatas tended to have a wild, freewheeling personality on winding roads, the new version hauls through turns as if locked onto rails, with minimal body lean and very high limits that aren't as easy to upset.
It's still terrific fun. It's just a little different kind of fun.
It's clear that Mazda has once again crafted a true little gem of a sports car. There's not a squeak or rattle to be heard, the engine has a smooth, almost exotic personality, and the driving controls are precise and solid. You find yourself double checking the sticker to see if this is really a $25,000 sports car -- plenty of rivals costing $15k more than Miata don't get these things much (if any) better.
As for how this new Miata design overall compares to its predecessors, picture a guy that was loveable but slightly over-eager in college. Now he's been out in the real world for few years and maybe gotten a graduate degree.
He's not really the same guy anymore, but he commands more respect. And he's still a whole lot of fun to be around.
David Bellm
You could get paid to test-drive cars like this. Learn how to become a test driver for car magazines: http://www.autiv.com/
David Bellm is a veteran test driver and automotive writer. He is the founder and president of Autiv Corporation, the web’s leading authority on automotive careers.
Inexpensively Protect Your Automotive Investment with a Car Cover
You’ve just purchased your dream car. After many months (or even years) of saving, you are now driving home from the car dealership and you suddenly realize, “How am I going to protect my new investment”. If you don’t have the luxury of keeping your car inside of a garage, a car cover will help protect your automobile, both the exterior and interior of your vehicle. Even if you do keep your car in a garage, but don’t drive it very often, a car cover is still quite beneficial. It will keep dust particles from sticking to you vehicle and potentially damaging your car’s paint job. A car cover protects your car from the elements in all four seasons. It will prevent the snow from damaging your vehicle in the winter months and keep the sun’s damaging UV rays away from your car’s finish in the smoldering summer months.
When shopping for a car cover, it is important to look for products that are water repellent not waterproof. The difference between the two types is breathability. Occasionally water will get trapped underneath the car cover. If the car cover is not breathable, condensation will form causing the car cover to rot and possibly ruin the vehicle’s paint job. Waterproof covers are generally cheaper than their water repellent counterparts, leading consumers to believe that they are a better deal. To truly protect your car from factors both inside and outside of the car cover, stay away from the cheaper waterproof car covers and limit your selection to water repellent car covers only.
For the best protection possible, a custom car cover for your vehicle is highly recommended. While a custom cover is generally more expensive, it provides the best fit for your car. It not only offers you the best convenience in terms of ease of use (putting the cover on and taking the cover off), it also offers you the best protection against the elements.
No matter what type of car cover you decide to purchase, the price of the cover mainly depends on the type of vehicle you have. Larger covers for trucks and SUVs are typically more expensive than covers for sedans and coupes. A high-quality car cover can run from as little as $75 to as high as several hundred dollars. A custom car cover will cost you a little more than a ready-fit cover. If you’re looking for an inexpensive way to protect your new investment, a car cover is the way to go. Whether you choose a custom car cover made specifically for your vehicle or a ready-fit cover, you’ll be happy 5 years down the road when your car still looks brand new.
Dwayne Wright is an automotive enthusiast with over 20 years of experience in the automotive industry. Visit his site at http://www.customautosearch.com to find a custom auto dealer in your area.
When shopping for a car cover, it is important to look for products that are water repellent not waterproof. The difference between the two types is breathability. Occasionally water will get trapped underneath the car cover. If the car cover is not breathable, condensation will form causing the car cover to rot and possibly ruin the vehicle’s paint job. Waterproof covers are generally cheaper than their water repellent counterparts, leading consumers to believe that they are a better deal. To truly protect your car from factors both inside and outside of the car cover, stay away from the cheaper waterproof car covers and limit your selection to water repellent car covers only.
For the best protection possible, a custom car cover for your vehicle is highly recommended. While a custom cover is generally more expensive, it provides the best fit for your car. It not only offers you the best convenience in terms of ease of use (putting the cover on and taking the cover off), it also offers you the best protection against the elements.
No matter what type of car cover you decide to purchase, the price of the cover mainly depends on the type of vehicle you have. Larger covers for trucks and SUVs are typically more expensive than covers for sedans and coupes. A high-quality car cover can run from as little as $75 to as high as several hundred dollars. A custom car cover will cost you a little more than a ready-fit cover. If you’re looking for an inexpensive way to protect your new investment, a car cover is the way to go. Whether you choose a custom car cover made specifically for your vehicle or a ready-fit cover, you’ll be happy 5 years down the road when your car still looks brand new.
Dwayne Wright is an automotive enthusiast with over 20 years of experience in the automotive industry. Visit his site at http://www.customautosearch.com to find a custom auto dealer in your area.
Tips On How To Buy A Used Car
With economics a major problem, used cars have become great alternatives to people who do not have much to spare in the financial area. Finding used cars is not really a problem as there are thousands of used cars outlets in the country. Buyers of used cars will, in fact, have a wide range of models and brands to choose from.
But as these cars are already… well… used, it is important for buyers to understand the dynamics of buying a used car to ensure that they are getting value for their money. Here are some tips that any buyer can take heart whether they are buying used or brand new automobiles.
Scout for the perfect deal
The principle of collect and collect, then select also applies in buying a used car. Remember that used car outlets need you more than you need them, so make the most of this special privilege and look not only for the better but for the best car and the best deal.
Used car outlets, in fact, have special promos and deals that you can avail of. Some offer discounts, rebates and even installment payments while others opt for free services like changing of tire or cleaning.
Wait up for a good deal. For though you are not paying full price for the car, you still deserve quality from the payment that you are going to make. After all, whether it is brand new or a car already used, it will still put a huge dent on your budget. So you better make the most out of every penny that you will be shelling out.
Give yourself time
When buying or scouting for a used car, it is important that you give yourself ample time to look for one. Otherwise you will only end up buying a used car that you will not be using after a couple of months.
Giving yourself no time to decide and choose will only make you settle for a used car that is not really what you are looking for. This may be well and good for a brand new car because at least with a new one, you will not have to think about the wear and tear. Buying a used car in a hurry is suicide in more ways than one, because you are also compromising your safety when you choose in haste.
Be aware of the lemon law in your state
The Lemon Law covers both used and brand new cars. While different states have different policies for used cars under the Lemon Law, basically, it gives you the same coverage. If you find that a used car is sold to you under false pretenses or did not function the way it was supposed to function in accordance to the guidelines, you have the right as a consumer to invoke the Lemon Law.
Buy from a friend
Buying a used car from friends who you know is way better than buying used cars sold in shops. For unless you have an eye for quality used car, you might end up buying a junk that you will not be able to use in the long run. If you know people who are selling their used cars at lower costs not because the cars are already worn but because they are buying new models, that’s better. It’s better to buy the used cars from private individuals because in a way you know how the car was used.
Ask for referrals
It is also a good idea to ask the help of people who have already bought used cars, as they will be able to guide you with the entire procedure as well as refer you to the right store and person that can help you choose a quality used car. They can also refer you to a reputable used car store that they have already tried. This way, you can be assured of the quality of product and service.
Don’t be afraid to ask your friends, relatives or colleagues at work. You’ll find that they are more than willing to help someone. After all, nothing boosts the ego than the thought that they can be experts in one subject.
Frederic Madore is the founder of the Used Cars Information Center. Learn where to get cheap used cars.
http://usedcars-information-center.info
But as these cars are already… well… used, it is important for buyers to understand the dynamics of buying a used car to ensure that they are getting value for their money. Here are some tips that any buyer can take heart whether they are buying used or brand new automobiles.
Scout for the perfect deal
The principle of collect and collect, then select also applies in buying a used car. Remember that used car outlets need you more than you need them, so make the most of this special privilege and look not only for the better but for the best car and the best deal.
Used car outlets, in fact, have special promos and deals that you can avail of. Some offer discounts, rebates and even installment payments while others opt for free services like changing of tire or cleaning.
Wait up for a good deal. For though you are not paying full price for the car, you still deserve quality from the payment that you are going to make. After all, whether it is brand new or a car already used, it will still put a huge dent on your budget. So you better make the most out of every penny that you will be shelling out.
Give yourself time
When buying or scouting for a used car, it is important that you give yourself ample time to look for one. Otherwise you will only end up buying a used car that you will not be using after a couple of months.
Giving yourself no time to decide and choose will only make you settle for a used car that is not really what you are looking for. This may be well and good for a brand new car because at least with a new one, you will not have to think about the wear and tear. Buying a used car in a hurry is suicide in more ways than one, because you are also compromising your safety when you choose in haste.
Be aware of the lemon law in your state
The Lemon Law covers both used and brand new cars. While different states have different policies for used cars under the Lemon Law, basically, it gives you the same coverage. If you find that a used car is sold to you under false pretenses or did not function the way it was supposed to function in accordance to the guidelines, you have the right as a consumer to invoke the Lemon Law.
Buy from a friend
Buying a used car from friends who you know is way better than buying used cars sold in shops. For unless you have an eye for quality used car, you might end up buying a junk that you will not be able to use in the long run. If you know people who are selling their used cars at lower costs not because the cars are already worn but because they are buying new models, that’s better. It’s better to buy the used cars from private individuals because in a way you know how the car was used.
Ask for referrals
It is also a good idea to ask the help of people who have already bought used cars, as they will be able to guide you with the entire procedure as well as refer you to the right store and person that can help you choose a quality used car. They can also refer you to a reputable used car store that they have already tried. This way, you can be assured of the quality of product and service.
Don’t be afraid to ask your friends, relatives or colleagues at work. You’ll find that they are more than willing to help someone. After all, nothing boosts the ego than the thought that they can be experts in one subject.
Frederic Madore is the founder of the Used Cars Information Center. Learn where to get cheap used cars.
http://usedcars-information-center.info
How To Save Money On A New Car
by: Shaan Randow
The price of cars these days is just out of this world. You can figure on spending upwards of $30,000 for a family van. No wonder a lot of people are opting for used cars. Even with prices creeping up and up there are still ways for you to save money if you have your heart set on a new car.
The first advice I'll offer is to do your homework before you approach a dealership. There is an endless amount of information available on the internet. Every car manufacturer has a website, dealerships have web sites. See what deals they are offering on what models. Check on the edmunds.com website for information on retail prices for new and used cars of any make and model. You should, before you even pull into the dealership, have a ballpark figure of what your new car should cost, including any special packages you may want.
A lot of dealers have taken the haggling and pressure out of new car buying, which many of consumers like. Remember the days when you'd ask what the price of a car is and the salesman would reply "how much can you afford to pay a month?". You never knew exactly what you were paying for your new car until you were at the desk ready to sign the contract. Today we are educated consumers and those days are gone forever.
You will be able to get a good deal during the end of model year sales. The dealers will make just about any deal to get an older model off the lot to make room for a new one. Also, go into the dealership at the end of the month. Your salesman will be doing his best to sell a few more vehicles to up his commission payment.
Get the bottom line price for that new car before you talk about a trade in. Generally the first thing a salesman will ask is if you have a trade in. Say "no". If your salesman knows you have a trade in it will affect the price you pay for your new car, no doubt. If he makes you a ridiculously good deal for your trade in you can believe that the price of your new car will reflect this. Make sure you know what the value of your trade in is. Again you can check edmunds.com. Take you car to a variety of dealerships and get an idea of this price from them.
The bottom line is to do your homework. Get a price for the new car from several different dealers. There is nothing wrong with each of them vying to give you the best deal.
Consider your finance charges. Get a quote on the interest rate you're offered from the dealership, then check with your bank or credit union to see what type of interest rates they offer.
About the Author:
This article courtesy of http://www.porsche-fanclub.com sponsor
The price of cars these days is just out of this world. You can figure on spending upwards of $30,000 for a family van. No wonder a lot of people are opting for used cars. Even with prices creeping up and up there are still ways for you to save money if you have your heart set on a new car.
The first advice I'll offer is to do your homework before you approach a dealership. There is an endless amount of information available on the internet. Every car manufacturer has a website, dealerships have web sites. See what deals they are offering on what models. Check on the edmunds.com website for information on retail prices for new and used cars of any make and model. You should, before you even pull into the dealership, have a ballpark figure of what your new car should cost, including any special packages you may want.
A lot of dealers have taken the haggling and pressure out of new car buying, which many of consumers like. Remember the days when you'd ask what the price of a car is and the salesman would reply "how much can you afford to pay a month?". You never knew exactly what you were paying for your new car until you were at the desk ready to sign the contract. Today we are educated consumers and those days are gone forever.
You will be able to get a good deal during the end of model year sales. The dealers will make just about any deal to get an older model off the lot to make room for a new one. Also, go into the dealership at the end of the month. Your salesman will be doing his best to sell a few more vehicles to up his commission payment.
Get the bottom line price for that new car before you talk about a trade in. Generally the first thing a salesman will ask is if you have a trade in. Say "no". If your salesman knows you have a trade in it will affect the price you pay for your new car, no doubt. If he makes you a ridiculously good deal for your trade in you can believe that the price of your new car will reflect this. Make sure you know what the value of your trade in is. Again you can check edmunds.com. Take you car to a variety of dealerships and get an idea of this price from them.
The bottom line is to do your homework. Get a price for the new car from several different dealers. There is nothing wrong with each of them vying to give you the best deal.
Consider your finance charges. Get a quote on the interest rate you're offered from the dealership, then check with your bank or credit union to see what type of interest rates they offer.
About the Author:
This article courtesy of http://www.porsche-fanclub.com sponsor
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